( R FN), an indicator of high ozone sensitivity, indicate that the transition region (i.e., 1 < R FN < 2) changes regionally, echoing the recent finding for R FN effectiveness. The dry season and at Pantnagar during spring (March–May) and post-monsoon Showed consistent seasonal variation throughout the investigated period.īiomass burning affected the HCHO and NO 2 variations at Phimai during The NO 2 and HCHO concentrations at all three sites (CTM) CHASER (Chemical Atmospheric General Circulation Model for Study of Atmospheric Environment and Radiative Forcing). Profiles (0–4 km) simulated using the global chemistry transport model The observations were used to evaluate the NO 2 and HCHO partial columns and Retrievals were performed using the Japanese MAX-DOAS profile retrieval algorithm ver. 2 (JM2). ![]() ![]() Formaldehyde (HCHO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) concentrations and profiles were retrieved from ground-based multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) observations during January 2017–December 2018 at three sites in Asia: (1) Phimai (15.18 ∘ N, 102.5 ∘ E), Thailand (2) Pantnagar (29 ∘ N, 78.90 ∘ E) in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), India and (3) Chiba (35.62 ∘ N, 140.10 ∘ E), Japan.
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